Предметы Abbasid Caliphate
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Abbasid Caliphate:
- Исламские штаты › Abbasid Caliphate
- Abbasid rebels › Al-Rayy, City of
- Abbasid rebels › Zanj Rebellion
- Abbasid rebels › Zaydi Rebellion
- Ifriqiya, Emirate of
- Ifriqiya, Emirate of › Jund rebellions
- Ikhshidid dynasty
Исламские штаты › Abbasid Caliphate • Динар (750-1517)
60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar
Dinar - al-Rashid (JA'FAR in field) 176-187 (793-803)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.26 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# 218.11, N# 159907
Dinar - al-Rashid (Double Marginal Inscription) 179-187 (795-803)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 3.98 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 218.3, N# 81289
Dinar - Al-Rashid (lil Khalifa type) 189-193 (805-809)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.25 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# 218.13, N# 420081
Dinar - al-Amin 195 (810-811)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.23 g
Album Islamic# 220.2, N# 81314
Dinar - al-Amin 195 (811)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.17 g • ⌀ 18 mm
Album Islamic# 220.5, N# 416034
Dinar - al-Mutawakkil (Donative type) ND (847-861)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.29 g
N# 81328
Dinar - al-Mu'tadid ND (892-902)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 3.66 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 81572
Dinar - al-Mu'tadid (Donative type) ND (892-902)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 2.50 g • ⌀ 21 mm
N# 81574
Amiri Dinar - al-Muqtadir ND (908-932)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 1.93 g
N# 81684
Dinar - al-Muqtadir ND (908-932)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото 900 • 3.56 g • ⌀ 25 mm
N# 70692
Dinar - al-Muqtadir (Donative type) ND (908-932)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 15.94 g
N# 81680
Amiri Dinar - al-Qahir ND (929-934)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 1.90 g • ⌀ 19 mm
N# 81688
Dinar - al-Radi (Donative type) ND (934-940)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 1.33 g
N# 81726
Dinar - al-Muttaqi (Donative type) ND (940-944)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 4.14 g • ⌀ 28 mm
N# 82036
Amiri Dinar - al-Mustakfi ND (944-946)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 1.89 g
N# 82065
Dinar - al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh 609 (1180-1225)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото • 11.25 g • ⌀ 31.1 mm
Album Islamic# 268, N# 82075
Fals - time of Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur - Matar (Maser) ND (773-776)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 8.5 g • ⌀ 20 mm
N# 354458
1 Dirham - Anonymous (citing 'Ubayd Allah) 172-175 (788-791)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 2.90 g
Album Islamic# 219G, N# 388690
1 Dirham - al-Mufawwid ila Allah (al-Mawsil) ND (875-892)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 3.00 g • ⌀ 27 mm
Album Islamic# cf. C241, N# 388692
Исламские штаты › Abbasid Caliphate • Drachm (750-948)
Pashiz / Fals - Shurayk (Arab-Sasanian) ND (779-780)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 0.80 g
N# 80529
Pashiz / Fals - Daray (Arab-Sasanian) ND (780-781)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 0.82 g
N# 80530
½ Drachm - Khalid ibn Barmak (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (734-771)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 1.92 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Val Sn# 5, N# 70077
½ Drachm - 'Umar ibn al-'Ala (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (737-782)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро 835 • 1.92 g • ⌀ 24 mm
Val Sn# 78, BMC Walk 1# 271, N# 78512
½ Drachm - Sa'id ibn Da'laj (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (742-780)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 1.78 g
Val Sn# 7, N# 80506
½ Drachm - Sulayman (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 137 (755-789)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 2 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Val Sn# 11, Album Islamic# 65, N# 45961
½ Drachm - Hani (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (756-793)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 2.06 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Val Sn# 79, N# 62845
½ Drachm - Muqatil (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) 139-181 (757-800)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Серебро • 1.72 g • ⌀ 23 mm
Val Sn# 80, N# 70134
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