Предметы Ildegizid dynasty

(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries. Читать больше

Внешние ссылки: Wikidata (Q428400), Википедия

• Исламские штаты › Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)
• Uncertain Ildegizid vassal
  • Dinar (628/632-1598)

Исламские штаты › Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

Fals/Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Mas'ud)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1899.1, ICV I# 1856, N# 413082

Fals/Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Muhammad)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1899.2, ICV I# 1856, N# 413314

Fals/Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Arslan)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1899.3, ICV I# 1856, N# 413316

Fals/Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Tughril III)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1899.4, ICV I# 1856, N# 413317

Fals/Dirham - Pahlawan Muhammad (as "Atabeg Muhammad," citing Tughril III & al-Mustadi)
ND (1175-1186)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1900.1, ICV I# 1857, Zeno cat# 7053, N# 413348

Fals/Dirham - Pahlawan Muhammad (as "Atabeg Muhammad," citing Tughril III & al-Nasir)
ND (1175-1186)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1900.2, ICV I# 1857, Zeno cat# 7056, N# 413349

Fals/Dirham - Pahlawan Muhammad (as "Jahan Pahlavan Muhammad," citing Tughril III & al-Nasir)
ND (1175-1186)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1900A, ICV I# 1857, Zeno cat# 7056, N# 413414

Fals/Dirham - Pahlawan Muhammad (citing only al-Nasir)
ND (1179-1186)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# –, Zeno cat# 7054, ICV I# 1857, N# 438235

Fals - Qizil Arslan 'Uthman (citing Seljuq Tughril III)
ND (1186-1188)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 7.7 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 1901, ICV I# 1858, Zeno cat# 7080, N# 413419

Fals - Qizil Arslan 'Uthman (Countermarked)
ND (1186-1188)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 7.7 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 1901A, ICV I# –, Zeno cat# 7062, N# 413420

Fals - Qizil Arslan 'Uthman (citing Seljuq Sanjar)
ND (1188-1191)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 7.7 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 1901, ICV I# 1858, Zeno cat# 7081, N# 278228

1 Fals - Abū Bakr ibn Muhammad
ND (1191-1210)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 7.50 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 383214

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (Fatimid Style, citing Seljuq Arslan)
ND (1135-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон • 4.87 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 1898A, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# 9427, N# 383210

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Mas'ud)
546 (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон • 6 g
Album Islamic# 1898.1, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# 9422, 9423, N# 413073

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Sulaymanshah)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон
Album Islamic# 1898.2, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# –, N# 413074

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (citing Seljuq Muhammad)
549 (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон
Album Islamic# 1898.3, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# 9425, 9426, N# 413075

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (without overlord)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон
Album Islamic# 1898.4, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# 9424, N# 413076

Dirham - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (Kalima // citing Seljuq Mas'ud)
ND (1137-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Биллон • 12 g • ⌀ 21 mm
Album Islamic# 1898.5, ICV I# 1855, Zeno cat# 9423, N# 413083

Fals/Dirham - Uzbek ibn Muhammad
ND (1211-1225)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1903, ICV I# 1860, Zeno cat# 7071, N# 383212

Dinar - Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad
ND (1191-1211)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Золото
Album Islamic# A1902, ICV I# –, N# 383215

Æ - Shams al-Din Ildegiz (Fatimid Style)
ND (1135-1175)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 10 g • ⌀ 17 mm
Album Islamic# 1898A var., ICV I# 1856, Zeno cat# 7673, N# 413410

Исламские штаты › Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty › Uncertain Ildegizid vassal • Dinar (628/632-1598)

60 Fals / Mangir = 1 Dinar = 1 Ashrafi - 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinar

Fals - "Badkin" ibn Muhammad
ND (1200)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь • 7.23 g
Album Islamic# 1905, ICV I# 1863, Zeno cat# 2601, N# 212127

Fals - Ilqafshit ibn Satmaz
ND (1200-1300)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# 1904, ICV I# –, Zeno cat# 2601, N# 387042

1 Fals - Jahan Pahlavan
ND (1210-1225)
Монеты › Стандартные монеты обращения
Медь
Album Islamic# M1904, N# 387041