The following information is from Gregory Brunk,
Merchant and Privately Countermarked Coins (2003) pp. 74─75:
There were two cutlers named Robinson in Oxford, Great Britain. One was James; the other was John. Their shops seem to have been next to each other on Corn Market, though James may have been active earlier than John (James attested 1830; John attested until 1847). It is not clear from Brunk to whom we should attribute the countermark, though I suppose it's possible it was produced by both if they were father & son, or brothers. There are several different Robinson cutler countermarks and they are some of the most common encountered on English copper coins. Brunk lists seven different counterstamps attested on a total of about 65 coins. Your coin fits well in the lot because they are almost all British copper coins from the 1797─1807 period.
EDIT: There are
several specimens for sale on eBay (if the link doesn't work, just type in eBay: robinson cutler) This does show that it is a rather common CM, but still, it's an interesting little piece of local history. There was a period in the 19th century when merchants and craftsmen used coins to advertise their business. In Britain this became so popular that a law (or edict?) was passed in 1854 to forbid the stamping of coins. This did not prevent merchants or anyone else from stamping foreign coins or demonetized British coins.
Many (if not most) countermarks have not been attributed to any particular individual or business. I myself have
one with the name "Thomas Peters" on it which is not recorded in Brunk. I don't think I will be able to identify who that was, but I have some hope that someone some day will come forward with another example.
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